The Great Depression Of The 1930s - 999 Words

The Great Depression of the 1930s is notably one of the greatest crises of American history. During this time frame the American economy collapsed in great part because of factors such as the existence of massive wealth inequality, the dust bowl that started in the Great Plains, and the rampant business speculation of the 1920’s. These factors helped turn an awful economic depression into what would be called an all-out social crisis. Bread lines and soup kitchens became a common occurrence in American cities. Thousands of families were evicted from their homes everyday, and took to the streets hoping for some type of assistance. Throughout this time of struggle many American citizens took to writing the white house and its officials in an†¦show more content†¦The men of the family were less likely to write the white house because of their fear of being looked at as weak or incapable of providing for their family. This fear is shown in several of the letters, includ ing a letter written by a mother to President Roosevelt. In the letter the mother asks for money to help feed her family and concludes the letter with stating, â€Å"if my husban new this he could Kill me.† In chapter three of the text by McElvaine there is a letter that stands as an example of a female American citizen pleading to the first lady for clothes. However, what differentiates this letter from the majority is that this individual is not asking for her family, but asking of a spring coat for herself. In this letter the woman by the name of Mrs. J.T. addresses the first lady at the time, Eleanor Roosevelt, as â€Å"My Dear Friend†. This intimate greeting supports the idea that the American population at the time felt as though the Roosevelt’s understood the daily struggle of living through the depression. These citizens were comfortable confiding in them and sharing their hardships. A belief that the government including the Roosevelt’s would pr ovide much-needed relief to the country came with this sense of comfort and intimacy. Not all American citizens, however, wrote to the white house in need of clothes or money. The Works

Social Identity And Collective Identity - 1239 Words

Social Psychology Essay During the early 1960’s South Africa has been inundated with a long history of protests. Hence, using Social Identity Theory (SIT) this essay aims to explore the notion of protest in relation to Social Identity and Collective Identity. Firstly, the essay will comprise of how groups are formulated, leading towards a discussion of SIT, and lastly, applying the theory to the #FEESMUSTFALL protest in South Africa. Individuals defined by the three aspects of the â€Å"self†, which are the personal, social and the relational self. The personal self reflects one’s individualistic characteristics, values and attitudes. The relational self, is the self who develops while interconnecting with different people and their different relationships. However, the social self, is an assemblage of social selves, who are divergent in different social circumstances, allowing to identity itself with regards to social group; such identity works to embolden and protect social identity. There are three types of group in which the social self is developed, namely, the incidental group which is essentially where few people congregate for generally brief timeframe with nominal involvement, such as a training session. Membership groups are characterized by being a member, in which participation is voluntary; working towards the group’s objective, such as work-based groups. Thirdly, identity-refere nce group is when individual shares common norms, values and experiences which embroilsShow MoreRelatedCollective Identity And New Social Movements1854 Words   |  8 Pagesanalyzed to fully understand the phenomenon, and will be done so through an examination of collective identity and informal mobilization networks. Collective Identity and New Social Movements Identity, and more specifically, global identity, is an often-contested topic in contemporary literature on both globalization and new social movements. Critics of globalization cite the loss of localized cultural identity, especially in developing countries, due to the proliferation of homogenized Western idealsRead MoreThe Collective Self Esteem And Social Identity Theory1924 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Collective self-esteem is a theoretical construct that operationalizes the measurement of an individual’s evaluation of his or her ascribed group memberships as they relate to feelings of personal worth and self-esteem (Luhtanen Crocker, 1990). Based on social identity theory (Tajfel Turner, 1979, 1986), the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSES; Luhtanen Crocker, 1990; 1992) was conceived and developed as a trait-based assessment tool for measuring individual differences in generalRead MoreIdentity, Authenticity and Survival Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesFormative Writing I : Identity, Authenticity and Survival by Kandru Manibhushan Rao Kwame Anthony Appiah’s essay on Identity, Authenticity and Survival is based on Charles Taylor’s earlier work on recognition and identity. Though Taylor’s references to identity are mostly to collective identity, Appiah’s aim is to draw a comparison or even find a connection between individual identity and collective identity. Identity A collective identity, explains AppiahRead More The Social Construction of Workers’ Collectivism1655 Words   |  7 Pagesdepends largely on increased member participation, generating and maintaining strong collective identities and mobilization of union resources. It was further contended that collective identities are not given, but constructed and sustained through narrative framing and engagement of individuals. These processes highlighted the importance of trade union leaders’ ability to construct and sustain workers’ collective identity and interest via strategies which seek to broaden the relevancy of trade unionismRead MoreThe Ethics Of Identity And Choice1559 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerning how identity and choice interact. However, Kwame A. Appiah puts forth an account of identity in his book The Ethics of Identity (2010) that sheds light on how one’s choices may be effected by the identities they chose. The following will describe Appiah†™s view of identity and how it influences choice, and conclude by providing commentary concerning how effective Appiah’s account of identity is and how it can be improved. Appiah (2010, p. 22-24) uses the term collective identities to defineRead MoreA Synthesis Of Intersectionality Theory And Institutional Ethnography923 Words   |  4 Pagesmultiple social positions are transformative rather than additive, and how those who are marginalized by class, race, gender and sexuality experience those structures in combination. Such research also seeks to challenge inequity (Nuà ±ez 2014). Multiple scholars have taken up this concept that comes out of black lesbian feminist thought and use it to understand how social structures create unique subject positions that are often characterized by simultaneous privileged and marginalized identities, nowRead MoreThe Refugee Crisis : A Humanitarian Issue1421 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues and identity, more specifically with respect to collective and organizational identity, and social constructivist philosophy. The model of systems thinking, as described by Senge’s principles, may also be a useful tool to unde rstand the intentions and positions of various countries, as well as working towards a possible solution to the issues being considered in the article. The nature, construction and role of identity in society has always been useful in understanding and solving social issuesRead MoreJewish People and Collective Memory: The Early Years of Zionist Settlement in Palestine1637 Words   |  7 Pagesessays, one of the main themes is the establishment of Jewish group identity; the negative diasporic identity Gordon creates is essential to compliment the positive future identity of the Jewish people. Following the definition of Fredrik Barth, group identity is created through shared fundamental cultural values and entails a membership that identifies themselves as members and which is identified by others as members. Group identity emerges when a group of people shares a common culture and this cultureRead MoreExamine the Argument That Social Identities Are Often Characterised by Inequality Based on Your Reading of Material in ‘Connected Lives’ and the Article the Act.1287 Words   |  6 Pagesargument that social identities are often characterised by inequality based on your reading of material in ‘connected lives’ and the article The Act. This essay will look at how social identities are characterised by inequality. It will first look at the meanings of social identity and inequality and then it will further elaborate on how certain groups such as the homeless or ethnic races are defined by these inequalities. Taylor (2012, p 167) defines social identity as ‘an identity given by connectionsRead MoreEssay about How do we categorize oneself ?651 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Social Psychology Types of Self and Identity How do we categorize oneself? There are numerous ways to define our identity. During the course of this essay, I will analyse these methods in order to gain a better insight as to how we are able to define our identity and self. Social Psychologists (Tajfel and Turner, 1986; Hogg and Abrams, 1988) have long argued that there are two distinctive identity groups that help to define types of self. These two groups are social and personal identity. Social

Urban Culture free essay sample

What Is urban culture? According to the Encyclopedia Britannica (11 urban culture is any of the behavioral patterns of the various types of cities and urban areas, both past and present. Urban culture is basically the culture of cities. Cities around the world, past and present, have behaviors that defer from the rural areas. In todays modern world, urban culture refers to a citys sense of fashion, music, and way of life. Types of modern urban culture are skateboarding, hip hop, and tattoo culture.As Eastman said, Street culture knows no boundaries the world over. As it crosses the borders of urbanize centers, it begins to look a whole lot less like a set of fads or trends-?and more and more Like what it Is: the essence of being human. (382) Skateboarding is a popular form of modern urban culture that is recognized worldwide. It has its own sense of art, music, and fashion. We will write a custom essay sample on Urban Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Originally, the skateboard was first developed around the sasss from children who were bored and searched for a better use of their old roller skates.Skateboarding did not become more recognized until about the late sasss by Californian surfers. Surfers saw the movement and balance needed to stay on one were similar to those required in surfing (Davis 10), so possibly skating on land could be used as a kind of alternative surfing on days when the waves were too flat. This movement of surfers to skaters helped inspired a rapid production in the development of the skateboard. Presently, modern skateboard riding and the mass production of ready-to-skate equipment has been around for over forty years in America. Thrasher 12). The beginning of skateboarding with the help of the Industrial revolution In America helped create heaper mass-production of steel products for car parts, tools and toys. These developments helped develop the first commercial production of the skateboard at the end of the sasss. Much of skateboard art Is shown through board graphics. The first board graphics started around the SASS and some people who pioneered this art were West Hampton and Craig Stacey, who developed the first board graphics for Dogtrot Skates around 1978 (Davis 70).Many of these people who started this industry were simply pro skaters who used their creative energy of the decks of the boards. De Templeton. A New Deal Rider around the sasss. Is a model of pro skater to artist and graphic designer in the industry. De Templeton has created the unique identity of Toy Machine in the late 1 asss, whilst successfully showing his artwork in world- renowned galleries (Davis 70). Board graphics have grown to numerous companies with their own beliefs In how their products should be represented. According to Marc Johnson, Design alone says the most about your particular company (Hooey 34).Board graphics are simply a representation of the company who made them and the skater themselves. Image is not everything; skateboard graphics are important since they are usually the first and last thing one will remember but ultimately the product quality, the team riders, the advertising Investment, the distribution channels, the community integration, their complementary product line, the guarantee policy, etc. , 1 OFF give a buck about what people think. And why should they when their work is Just going to wind up a smudge on some block of cement? (4). As well as skateboard art, skateboarding has influenced mass media, from clothing trends to video games. One of the first skating games was Atari Games 720 from 1986 that involved the player controlling a skater who would cruise around a town visiting four different skaters, each representing a different discipline of the sport (Davis 104). This game established the general idea for skating games and has helped inspired other game companies to create games such as the Sagas arcade game Top Skater or Plantations Tony Hawk Pro Skater.The mid-sasss explosion of the Web brought innumerable new sites dedicated to skateboarding. As Davis believes, There is no bout that the use of the Internet is set to increase in the skate industry. (Davis 104) Presently, there are also many skate magazines. Some names of the most popular magazines would be Thrasher and Slap magazine. Thrasher is the oldest magazine in operation which began in 1981 and Slap began in 1992. (Davis 94-95) Both present well-informed information about skating as well as quality photography.Still, even though skateboarding has become a multi-billion-dollar industry, its still illegal in many streets and cities. HIP HOP Hip hop is a culture that consists mainly of rapping, dc-ins, breakfasting and graffiti. In todays society, it is unanimous with the gangs rap of Immortal Technique and mainstream hip-hop Justine Timberline. It started in the east coast of America from African rhythm and American soul music. In hip hop music, most artists try to send a message. Most lyrics are saturated with social commentary, double meanings, hidden messages, allusion, and both anger and humor.Other times, the lyrics express images of oppression and crime in American and other countries, criticizing n ways that call for black empowerment and the need for change. For example, in an interview with Chuck D of the music group Public Enemy and Spin magazine, Chuck Ads reply to Spin magazines question of considering himself a prophet was: l guess so. Were bringing a message thats the same sit that all the other guys that I mentioned in the song have either been killed for or deported: Marcus Graver, Nat Turner, all the way up to Farmhand and Malcolm X. What is a prophet?One that comes with a message from God to try to free people. My people are enslaved within heir own minds. Rap serves as the communication that they dont get for themselves to make them feel good about themselves. Rap is black Americas TV station. It gives a whole perspective of what exists and what black life is about. And black life doesnt get the total spectrum of information through anything else. They dont get it through print because kids wont pick up no magazines or no books, really, unless it got pictures of rap stars. They dont see themselves on TV.Number two, black radio stations have neglected giving out information. (Caped 70) Yet, the lyrics are not always so violent; as Iatric Rose notes, Frequently, the lyrics express the pleasure of black urban life (Haskins 5). Other times, many people believe hip hop is a fad. Believing that hip hop is another simple trend that comes and go, yet hip hop started around the late sasss and it does not look like it will stop anytime soon. In fact, it has grown into its own industry as well as the skateboard industry. As Guru said, M), hip hop is a way of life. Else tension, to let out the frustration that young people face in the world today. Over the years hip hop has evolved to represent what is happening now-?the reality of street life. Rap is the oral expression of this. The tool, the literature It will still remain for some of us the raw essence of life. Peace (Aziza-Hashish 1 1) As Robert Christian noted, Hip-hop speaks so loudly to rebellious kids from Greenland to New Zealand not because they identify with young American blacks, although they may, but because its custom-made to combat the anomie that preys on adolescents wherever nobody knows their name. (Caped 300)

Procrastination Of Revenge In Shakespeares Hamlet Essays

Procrastination Of Revenge In Shakespeare's Hamlet In the play ?Hamlet? by William Shakespeare, the protagonist Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is deceived by many of his former allies, including his mother, Gertrude, and his lover, Ophelia. Perhaps the most deceptive of these former allies is Hamlet's uncle, Claudius. Not only does Claudius kill Hamlet's father, the King, but he also proceeds to marry Hamlet's mother, Gertrude, and to steal the crown from Hamlet, the rightful heir to his father. In Act III, scene III of ?Hamlet,? Hamlet accidentally comes upon Claudius while he is alone and in prayer. Hamlet draws his sword and contemplates murdering Claudius. However, Hamlet neglects to perform this action. The decision not to kill Claudius in these circumstances shows that Hamlet possesses an intellectual mind,which, in this circumstance, prevents him from taking decisive action. At first, Hamlet sees the circumstance as a perfect opportunity for revenge against Claudius. Hamlet knows that Claudius truly committed murder after seeing his reaction to the play within a play. Also, Hamlet must leave soon for England. Hamlet realized that if he does not act now, he may never have such a ripe opportunity for revenge again. ?Now might I do it pat, now ?a is a-praying, And now I'll do't.? (III, iii, 73-74) However, Hamlet's intellect provides him with a ready excuse to delay his revenge against Claudius. Hamlet does not believe that killing a man in prayer constitutes an unfair deed. Rather, Hamlet reasons that, since Claudius has purged his soul through prayer, he would go to heaven. ?And so ?a goes to heaven; And so am I revenged.? (III, iii, 75) Hamlet's father, contrastingly, had not prepared his soul for death. He suffered purgatory as a ghost. Hamlet, unsatisfied with performing an act of corporeal justice, would prefer for his revenge to have eternal consequences. He wants to seek his revenge when Claudius' sole lies in a state of unpreparedness. Hamlet puts away his sword while contemplating this future occasion. ?Up, sword; and know thou a more horrid hent: when he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th' incestuous pleasure of his bed; At game, a-swearing, or about some act That has no relish of salvation in't;? (III, iii, 88-92) This procrastination shows Hamlet's capabilities for intellectual reason, even in a situation involving extreme emotions. However, this decision presents Hamlet's final opportunity to seek substantial revenge against Claudius. In this scene, Hamlet shows reasoning worthy of admiration. Although Claudius' prayer may evoke sympathy from an emphatic onlooker, Hamlet's decision lies in reasoning. He does not feel sorry for Claudius, although his actions could lend evidence to that interpretation. His soliloquy reveals that he does not choose his inaction out of sympathy or forgiveness, but out of theological reasoning. This reasoning would not be facilitated by a person of lesser intellect than Hamlet. Claudius' remains undeserving of sympathy, despite his prayer. Although he seeks forgiveness, he continues with his immoral plots throughout the course of the play. The film version of ?Hamlet?, starring Kenneth Branaugh, portrays this scene almost precisely in accordance with Shakespeare's text. The thoughts of Hamlet become clear through not only the dialogue, but through Hamlet's tone of voice and facial expression. The film shows Hamlet's deep contemplation of how to go about avenging Claudius. Claudius remains unaware of Hamlet's watchful eye throughout the scene. The film accurately depicts Hamlet's process of contemplation and reasoning. English Essays